xanthine

Term: xanthine

Literally meaning: “yellowish”

Origin: Anc Greek

ξανθός/xanthos(=golden, yellow, blond)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Xanthine is an yellowish alkaloid purine base which is an intermediate in the catabolic process  of nucleic acids to uric acid found in blood, urine and many organs.  Deratives of xanthine such as mild stimulants caffeine, theophylline and thebromine are called also xanthines. 

urethrostenosis

Term: urethrostenosis

Literally meaning: “narrowing of urethra”

Origin: Anc Greek

ούρον/uron(=urine) >ορός/ορός(=watery liquid) >ροή/roe(=flowing)

+ στείνω/steino/ (=constrict, narrow, concentrate)

+ (-ωσις)/(-osis )(=suffix denoting “process” or “state”)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Urethrostenosis is the stricture of the urethra leading to difficulty of urine passing.   

thelorrhagia

Term: thelorrhagia

Literally meaning:"escape of blood through nipple"

Origin: Anc Greek

θηλή/θηλή(=nipple)

+ + ραγή/rage(=breaking) >ρήγνυμι/regnymai(=to break)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Thelorrhagia is bleeding from the nipple

thrichauxis

Term: thrichauxis

Literally meaning: “growth of hair”

Origin: Anc Greek

θρίξ/thrix(=hair)

+αύξησις/auxisiς(=increase) >αέξω/aexo(=increase, feed)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Trichauxis is the excessive growth of hair.

-graphy

-γραφία/graphia(=-graphy, a combining form denoting  something written or represented as in words biography, geography, photography >  γράμμα/gramma(=letter)

tomography, tomograph, tomogram

Term: tomography

Literally meaning: “the process of writing the slices”

Origin: Anc Greek

τομή/tome(=section, slice, trunk, stalk) >τέμνω/temno(=cut) 

-γραφία/graphia(=-graphy, a combining form denoting  something written or represented as in words biography, geography, photography >  γράμμα/gramma(=letter)

Coined/History

Radiology began as medical speciality in first decade of the 1900’s after the discovery of x-rays by German physicist Prof Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (1845-1923) . CT imaging (Computed Tomography) was invented in 1972, in England,  by Sir Godfrey Hounsfiel (1919-2004) who used gamma rays and a detector together with a digital computer to create detailed cross sectional images of objects reconstructing data into a single image in more than 24 hours.

Definition

Tomography is the technique for produsing images by sections (cross-sectional)  using X-rays, ultrasound or gamma rays.  The device used in tomography is called tomograph anf produced image tomogram. 

tarsophyma

Term: tarsophyma

Literally meaning: “growth of the tarsus”

Origin: Anc Greek

φύμα/phyma(=a growth) > φύω/phyo(=grow)

+ ταρσός/ tarsos(=tarsus), τέρσομαι/tersomai(= to become dry)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Tarsophyma is a tumor of the tarsus of the eyelid (tarsal tumor). 

tarsoptosis

Term: tarsoptosis

Literally meaning: “tarsus fall”

Origin: Anc Greek

ταρσός/ tarsos(=tarsus) > τέρσομαι/tersomai(= to become dry especially for flat objects)

+ πτώσις/ptosis(=fall, fail)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Tarsoptosis or flatfoot is a condition in which the arch of the foot is flattened out so that the entire sole makes contact with the ground.

thyrotoxicosis

Term: thyrotoxicosis

Literally meaning: “poisoning because of thyroid”

Origin: Anc Greek

θυρεοειδής/thyreodes(=shield-shaped) > θυρεός/thyreos(=blazon, shield) > θύρα/thyra (=door, as this type of Greek shield resembled to an large oblong door)

τοξικόν/toxicon(=(poison used to poison arrow heads) > τόξον/toxon(bow)

-ωσις/-osis (=osis, suffix denoting “process” or “state )

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Thyrotoxocosis is a metabolic abnormality caused by elevation of thyroid hormone in serum because of thyroid gland hyperactivity. Thyrotoxicosis is similar but not synonymous to hyperthyroidism as it can be caused by ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormones.  

tarsus

Term: tarsus

Literally meaning: “flat surface used for drying”

Origin: Anc Greek

ταρσός/ tarsos(=tarsus) > τέρσομαι/tersomai(= to become dry)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

1. the seven  bones between the tibia and the metatarsus in tetrapods

2. the inner fibrous plate of connective tissue of the eyelid.  

scaphocephaly

Term: scaphocephaly

Literally meaning: "boat-headed"

Origin: Anc Greek

σκάφος/scaphos(=boat, skiff)

+ κεφαλήν/cephalin(=head)

Coined/History

The name based on  the head appearance

Definition

Scaphocephaly or dolichocepaly is a condition where the head is disproportionately long and narrow as the results of premature fusion of sagittal sutures with a final cranial index of 74.9 or less.   

dolichocephaly

Term: dolichocephaly

Literally meaning:  «long headed”

Origin: Anc Greek

δόλιχος/dolichos(=long road)

+ κεφαλήν/cephalin(=head)

Coined/History

The name based on  the head appearance which resembles to an inverted boat.

Definition

Dolichocepaly or Scaphocephaly  is a condition where the head is disproportionately long and narrow as the results of premature fusion of sagittal sutures.

thanatology

Term: thanatology

Literally meaning: “study of death”

Origin: Anc Greek

θάνατος/thanatos(=death) >  θνήσκω/thnisko(=die), θείνω/theino(=smite, kill).

λογία)/-logia(=logy, suffix meaning “study of”, “speech”, “discourse”) > λέω/leo (=speak).

Coined/History

by Russian scientist Elie Metchnikoff in the early 1900s in order to establish a scientific discipline devoted to the study of death as an academic field.

Definition

Thanatology is the scientific study of death and dying including mstudies on medical changes in the body during dying and deathbed visions.  

mania

μανία/mania (=combining form meaning passion, forse, mania, enthusiasm, frenzy) > μένος/menos(=life, vigor)

In Psychology mania is defined as the state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood in a period of time of seven or more days, where the mood is not causedby drugs or a medical illness. 

Sourse: American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual. 

History

In Greek Mythology Mania was the personification of insanity.

In Roman and Etruscan mythology Mania was the goddess of death and mother of ghosts, undead and spirits of the night.

-mania

-μανία/ -mania  > μανία/mania (=combining form meaning passion, forse, mania, enthusiasm, frenzy) >  μένος/menos(=life, vigor)

In Psychology mania is defined as the state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood in a period of time of seven or more days, where the mood is not causedby drugs or a medical illness. 

Sourse: American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual. 

thanatomania

Term: thanatomania

Literally meaning: “a suicidal mania or craze for dye”

Origin: Anc Greek

θάνατος/thanatos(=death) >  θνήσκωthnesko(=dye) > θείνω/theino(=smite, kill)

-μανία/ -mania (=combining form denoting passion, forse, mania, enthusiasm, frenzy) > μένος/menos(=life, vigor)

Coined/History

By physician, anthropologist and protector of Aborigines Walter Edmund Roth (1861-1933) in order to express the fact that the Australian aboriginal patients (Queensland) were under complete inhibition of the will to live induced by the thought of being under a spell.   

  Thanatos  in Grek mythology was a minor daemon (in Roman mythology was translated as Mors). According Greek poet Hesiod   thanatos was the son of Nyx (Night) and Erebos (Darkness) and twin oh Hypnos (Sleep) 

 Sourse : Roth, W. (1984) The Queensland Aborigines, 1984 facsimile edition, Queensland Government Printer; originally Ethnological Studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines (1897).

Definition

Thanatomania is

1. the obsession  in the power of evil spirits and magic leading to a fated death.

2. a suicidal  fatalism. 

thanato-

Term: thanato-

Anc Greek : θάνατος/thanatos(=death) >  θείνω/theino(=smite, kill)

A combining form  denoting “death” in compound words like :

thanatomania, thanatoid, thanatophobia

 History

 Thanatos  in Grek mythology was a minor daemon (in Roman mythology was translated as Mors). According Greek poet Hesiod   thanatos was the son of Nyx (Night) and Erebos (Darkness) and twin oh Hypnos (Sleep) 

thalamus

Term: thalamus

Literally meaning: “inner room”

Origin: Anc Greek

θάλαμος/thalamos(=chamber, inner room )

Coined/History

by Greek phycisian Galen of Pergamon (130–200 AD in De Usu Partium  (Utility of the Parts of the Bode) by way of comparing the human brain with the ground plan of a Greek house, with the bridal chamber at its heart, emphasizing the central role of thalamus.

Definition

Thalamus is a paired lobed and symmetrical structure of grey matter in the center (midline) of the vertebrates brain. Thalamus is a regulator in sensory function by distributing incoming sensory information to appropriate regions of the cortex.